Thursday 26 September 2013

Private VLAN Concepts

Private VLANs: Extending the abilities of a VLAN

The private VLAN feature provides the ability to extend the capabilities of a “standard” VLAN. It does this by introducing some additional concepts: Primary VLAN, Community VLAN and Isolated VLAN. The Primary VLAN should be considered the Master in the master/slave relationship with the other two sub-types. Switch ports assigned within the primary VLAN are able to see traffic from all devices within the primary VLAN and all sub-types (also referred to as secondary VLANs).

Both Community and Isolated VLANs should be considered slaves in the master/slave relationship with the primary VLAN. Switchports assigned to a Community VLAN can see traffic from all other devices in the same Community VLAN and can send traffic back and forth with devices in the primary VLAN. Switchports assigned to an Isolated VLAN can send traffic back and forth with devices in the primary VLAN, but CANNOT see traffic from other devices in the same Isolated VLAN.

It is important to understand that regardless of the VLAN assignment of the switchport, all of the devices will share the same IP subnet; the private VLAN feature just sets up rules as to which devices are able to speak to each other.

Private VLANs - Figure 1

Why Use a Private VLAN?

The next question really is why would an engineer want to implement the private VLAN feature? This section goes over a few possibilities.

What if an Internet Service Provider (ISP) had a limited number of subnet space and wanted to maximize it by assigning all of the customers in a geographic area into the same IP subnet. Of course, most customers do not want other people seeing their layer 2 switched traffic, as it opens up potential security issues. Individual customers who only have a single port connected into the service provider can be assigned into an isolated private VLAN; their traffic would then only be sent and received by the ISP devices connected directly to the primary VLAN.

What if a company existed in the same geographic area and had multiple offices with multiple Internet connections? It is possible with community VLANs to connect all of these Internet connections together so that each would be able to talk directly to each other as well as go out and utilize the same Internet connection.

These are some very simple examples but they do show that the functionality of private VLANs can be useful to any design engineer looking for a solution to a specific set of design requirements.

(Note: Original Post is posted by Sean Wilkins at his blog http://www.trainsignal.com/blog/private-vlan-concepts)